Common Male FernDryopteris filix-mas

Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Water thoroughly when the top inch of soil feels dry. Avoid letting the roots stand in water, which can lead to root rot.

Especially during dry spells, ensure regular watering.

Remove dead, damaged, or brown fronds at the base of the plant as needed. This tidies the appearance and encourages new growth.

In late winter or early spring, before new fronds emerge, cut back all old growth to the ground.

Propagate by division of established clumps in spring. Carefully separate the rhizomes with at least one bud and a few healthy roots. Alternatively, spores can be collected from mature fronds and sown on moist compost.

Repot only when necessary, typically every 2-3 years, or when the plant outgrows its container. Choose a pot that is slightly larger than the current one. Use a well-draining, peaty potting mix. Repot in spring.