Chilean Mesquite is highly drought-tolerant once established. Water deeply but infrequently, allowing the soil to dry out completely between waterings.

Reduce watering significantly during winter months to prevent root rot. Overwatering is the most common cause of issues with this species.

Pruning is primarily for shape, size control, and removing dead or crossing branches. Best done in late winter or early spring before new growth begins.

Remove suckers that emerge from the base to maintain a single-trunked form. Hesitate to prune heavily as it can be slow to recover from severe cuts.

Prosopis chilensis can be propagated by seeds, which require scarification (nicking the seed coat or soaking in hot water) to break dormancy.

Stem cuttings can also be taken from mature wood in late winter, but are more difficult to root. Grafting is sometimes used for specific cultivars.

Repotting is rarely necessary for Chilean Mesquite as it prefers to be slightly root-bound. If the plant outgrows its container, choose a pot only slightly larger. Use a well-draining, gritty soil mix.

Repot in early spring before the active growing season commences. Ensure adequate drainage to prevent waterlogging.