Water regularly, especially during establishment and dry periods. Aim for consistently moist soil but avoid waterlogging. Reduce watering in winter when the plant is dormant.

Deep watering encourages a strong root system, making the tree more drought-tolerant once established.

Prune to shape young trees and remove dead, damaged, or crossing branches. Major structural pruning is best done during the dormant season (late winter).

Avoid heavy pruning in summer as it can increase sap flow and attract pests.

Propagation is typically done by grafting or from seed. Seeds require stratification (cold, moist treatment) before sowing. Grafting is more common for specific cultivars and ensures true-to-type characteristics.

Cuttings are generally difficult to root.

Repotting is not typically necessary for established trees in the landscape. For container-grown specimens, repot every 2-3 years in early spring before new growth emerges, using a well-draining potting mix.

Ensure the new pot is only slightly larger.