Provide consistent moisture, especially during establishment and dry periods. Water deeply when the top few centimeters of soil feel dry. Avoid waterlogged conditions, which can lead to root rot.

Mature trees are more drought-tolerant but benefit from occasional watering during prolonged dry spells.

Prune for structural improvement and to remove dead, diseased, or crossing branches. The best time to prune is during the dormant season (late winter or early spring) before bud break.

Avoid heavy pruning, as it can stress the tree. Thinning out can improve air circulation and light penetration.

Propagation is typically done by seed, which requires stratification. Soak seeds in water for 24 hours, then stratify them in moist sand or peat moss in a cool environment for several months.

Grafting onto rootstock can also be employed for faster establishment and specific traits.

Repotting is generally not necessary for established trees. For container-grown saplings, repot every 2-3 years in spring as they outgrow their containers. Use a well-draining potting mix.

Ensure the new pot is only slightly larger than the current one to avoid overwatering issues.