Water deeply when the top few centimeters of soil are dry, allowing excess water to drain away. Overwatering is a common cause of root rot, especially in cooler months.

Reduce watering significantly during winter dormancy. Ensure good drainage is paramount.

Pruning is generally minimal, primarily involving the removal of old, dead, or damaged leaves. Cut leaves close to the trunk. Avoid removing healthy green leaves, as this can weaken the plant.

It's best to prune in spring.

Propagation is typically done by seed, which can be slow and challenging. Remove the fleshy outer layer of the seed and sow in a well-draining, sandy mix.

Alternatively, offsets (pups) can be carefully removed from the base of mature plants and potted up.

Repot infrequently, only when the plant becomes root-bound, which is usually every 3-5 years for younger plants, and less often for mature specimens. Use a very well-draining gritty potting mix.

Repotting is best done in spring.