Water moderately when the soil starts to dry out, especially during warmer months and in the first few years after planting. Avoid waterlogged conditions. Reduce watering in winter when growth slows.

Ensure good drainage to prevent root rot.

Pruning is usually minimal and mainly for shaping or removing dead, damaged, or crossing branches. Best done in late winter or early spring before new growth begins.

Avoid heavy pruning, as these trees are slow-growing and take time to recover.

Propagation is typically done from seeds or cuttings. Seeds require stratification (cold treatment) before sowing.

Cuttings, taken from semi-hardwood in late summer or early autumn, can be rooted in well-draining media with the aid of rooting hormone.

Repotting is rarely necessary for established trees in their natural environment. For container-grown specimens, repot only when root-bound, typically every 3-5 years.

Use a well-draining potting mix and repot in early spring before the growing season starts.