Mahonia aquifolium prefers consistent moisture, especially when establishing. Water deeply when the top 2-3 cm of soil feels dry. Reduce watering in winter, allowing the soil to dry out slightly more between waterings.

Avoid waterlogging, as this can lead to root rot.

Prune Mahonia aquifolium after flowering to maintain shape and size. Remove any dead, damaged, or crossing branches. Light pruning can be done to encourage bushier growth.

For larger, older plants, hard pruning can be undertaken in early spring to rejuvenate them.

Mahonia aquifolium can be propagated from seeds sown in autumn, or from semi-hardwood cuttings taken in summer. Seeds may require stratification.

Cuttings should be placed in well-draining soil and kept moist in a sheltered location until established.

Young Mahonia aquifolium plants typically benefit from repotting every 2-3 years in early spring, before new growth begins. Choose a pot that is slightly larger than the current one.

Ensure the new pot has adequate drainage holes and use a well-draining potting mix.