Maintain consistently moist soil, avoiding waterlogging. Water deeply when the top few centimeters of soil feel dry. In drier periods, increase watering frequency.

Ensure good drainage, especially for young plants, to prevent root rot.

Prune to shape young trees, remove dead or diseased branches, and improve air circulation. Heavy pruning is generally not required. Best performed in late winter or early spring before new growth begins.

Propagate from seeds sown in autumn or by taking semi-hardwood cuttings in summer. Seeds require stratification. Cuttings should be treated with rooting hormone and kept in a moist medium in a shaded, protected location.

Young plants may need repotting every 2-3 years into a slightly larger container. Mature trees generally do not require repotting and are best left undisturbed in the ground. Ensure adequate drainage in all containers.