Water deeply when the top 5-7 cm of soil feels dry. Avocados dislike soggy roots but also cannot tolerate prolonged drought. Ensure good drainage to prevent root rot.

Reduce watering slightly during cooler months when growth slows down.

Prune young trees to encourage a strong, well-branched structure, removing crossing or weak branches. For mature trees, prune to manage size, improve air circulation, and remove dead or diseased wood.

Light pruning can be done year-round, with heavier pruning in late winter or early spring.

Avocados are most commonly propagated by grafting to ensure desired fruit characteristics and disease resistance.

Growing from seed is possible but results in a tree that may take many years to fruit and might not produce true-to-type fruit. Seeds require consistent warmth and moisture.

Repot young avocado plants every 1-2 years into a slightly larger container, or when root-bound. Use a well-draining potting mix, preferably one designed for citrus or tropical plants.

Handle the root ball gently to avoid damage, ensuring not to plant too deep.