Water thoroughly when the top 2-3 cm of soil feels dry. Avoid waterlogged conditions, as this can lead to root rot. Reduce watering in cooler months when the plant's growth slows down.

Ensure good drainage in the pot and consider the ambient humidity when deciding how often to water.

Prune in late winter or early spring before new growth begins. Remove any dead, damaged, or crossing branches. Pruning can also be used to shape the plant and control its size.

For plants trained on supports, prune to maintain the desired form and encourage dense foliage.

Propagate from semi-hardwood cuttings taken in summer or hardwood cuttings in winter. Cuttings should be 10-15 cm long and planted in a well-draining potting mix. Rooting hormone can aid in faster establishment.

Keep cuttings moist and in a warm, humid environment until roots form.

Repot young plants annually or every two years in spring, while mature plants can be repotted every 3-4 years or when root-bound.

Use a well-draining potting mix, preferably one formulated for tropical plants or a general-purpose mix amended with perlite or sand. Choose a pot only slightly larger than the current one.