Water regularly, especially during dry periods, ensuring the soil is consistently moist but not waterlogged. Reduce watering in winter. Deep watering encourages a strong root system.

Monitor soil moisture to avoid over or under-watering, which can lead to root issues.

Prune in late winter or early spring to remove dead, damaged, or crossing branches. This also helps to maintain the tree's shape and encourage flowering and fruiting.

Light thinning can improve air circulation within the canopy.

Propagation is typically done by grafting onto a suitable rootstock, often *Sorbus* species, in late winter. Seed propagation can be attempted but often results in variable offspring and requires stratification.

Softwood cuttings can be taken in summer.

Repot young trees every 2-3 years in early spring, as needed. Mature trees rarely require repotting and are best transplanted when dormant. Use a well-draining loam-based compost. Ensure adequate drainage in the pot.