Water regularly to keep the soil consistently moist, especially during dry periods. Allow the top few centimeters of soil to dry out between waterings once established. Avoid waterlogging, which can lead to root rot.

Reduce watering frequency in winter.

Prune to maintain desired shape and size, and to remove any dead, damaged, or crossing branches. Pruning can be done in late winter or early spring before new growth begins.

Light thinning can improve air circulation and light penetration.

Propagate by seeds sown in autumn or stratified indoors. Softwood or semi-hardwood cuttings can be taken in summer and rooted under humid conditions.

Layering in spring or autumn is another successful method for establishing new plants.

Repot young plants annually or every two years in spring as they outgrow their containers. Mature plants benefit from repotting every 2-3 years.

Use a well-draining potting mix and a slightly larger pot to accommodate root growth.