Water moderately, allowing the soil to dry out slightly between waterings, especially in warmer months. Reduce watering significantly during winter dormancy. Avoid waterlogging, as this can lead to root rot.

Consistent moisture is key for establishment, but mature plants are quite drought-tolerant.

Prune to shape the tree, remove dead or diseased branches, or control size. Pruning is best done in late spring or early summer after the main growth flush. Heavy pruning should be avoided as it can stress the tree.

Use clean, sharp tools for best results.

Propagation can be done from seeds, which require stratification, or from cuttings taken in late summer or early fall. Seeds may have irregular germination. Cuttings can be slow to root.

Grafting is also an option for specific cultivars, providing a more reliable start.

Young plants may benefit from repotting every 2-3 years into a slightly larger container. Use well-draining potting mix. Mature trees are best left in place or repotted infrequently.

Repotting should ideally occur in spring before new growth begins.