Water thoroughly when the top 5-10 cm of soil is dry, especially during dry periods and for young trees. Mature trees are quite drought-tolerant once established. Avoid waterlogging, which can lead to root rot.

Reduce watering frequency in winter.

Prune in late winter or early spring while the tree is dormant to shape and remove dead, damaged, or crossing branches. This promotes good structure and air circulation.

Minimal pruning is required for established, healthy trees. Avoid heavy pruning after mid-summer.

Propagate Celtis australis from seeds, which require a period of cold stratification to germinate. Sow seeds in autumn or after stratification.

Cuttings can also be taken from semi-hardwood in summer or hardwood in winter, but are generally less successful than seed propagation.

Repot young plants every 2-3 years in spring to refresh the soil and provide more space for root growth. Use a well-draining potting mix. For mature trees in the ground, repotting is not typically necessary.

Ensure adequate drainage holes in containers.