Glossy Buckthorn, Frangula alnus, is a fast-growing, deciduous shrub or small tree with glossy green leaves and berries. Highly invasive in North America, it outcompetes
Above information is sourced from Wikipedia
Sunlight
Full sun to partial shade
Watering
Moderate to low
Soil
Adaptable, prefers moist, well-drained, slightly acidic to neutral soils.
Temperature
Temperate
Habitat
Outdoor
Fertilizer
Low
Full sun to partial shade
Moderate to low
Prefers consistent moisture but tolerates drought once established.
Adaptable, prefers moist, well-drained, slightly acidic to neutral soils.
Temperate
Hardy in a wide range of temperate climates.
Outdoor
Low
Generally not required, especially in good soil.
Plant Type
Shrub, Tree
Plant Category
Flowering, Fruit, Ornamental
Plant Place Type
Ground, Garden
Plant Environment
Outdoor
Lifespan
Perennials
Plant Height
3-6 m
Spread
2-4.5 m
Growth Rate
Fast
Dormancy
Deciduous
Leaf Color
Dark Green, Yellow
Leaf Type
Simple
Flower Size
0.5 cm
Optimal Sunlight Lux
40000
Weed Status
Yes
Toxic for humans
Yes
Rating: 7/5
Toxic for pets
Yes
Rating: 7/5
Edible
No
All parts, especially berries and bark, contain anthraquinone glycosides which are purgative and emetic. Ingestion causes vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps.
