Water regularly, especially during dry periods, to keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Young trees benefit from more frequent watering until established.

Reduce watering in autumn as the tree enters dormancy. Ensure good drainage to prevent root rot.

Prune in late winter or early spring while the tree is dormant to remove dead, damaged, or crossing branches. Light pruning can be done after flowering to shape the tree.

Avoid heavy pruning as it can stimulate excessive weak growth. Make clean cuts just outside the branch collar.

Propagation is typically done from seed, which requires a period of cold stratification to germinate. Collect seeds in autumn and sow them in a well-draining seed-starting mix, then expose them to a cold, moist period.

Alternatively, cuttings can be taken in summer from semi-hardwood.

Repot young trees every 2-3 years, or when root-bound, preferably in early spring before new growth emerges. Use a well-draining potting mix.

For mature trees, repotting is generally not required unless being transplanted. Ensure the new pot is only slightly larger than the current one.