Japanese Zelkova prefers consistent moisture, especially when young. Water deeply when the top 2-3 cm of soil feels dry. Avoid waterlogged conditions, which can lead to root rot.

Reduce watering frequency in cooler months or when the tree is dormant, but do not let the soil completely dry out.

Pruning is best done in late winter or early spring before bud break. Remove dead, damaged, or crossing branches. Shape the tree to encourage a strong central leader and good structure.

Avoid heavy pruning in summer, as it can stress the tree. For bonsai, more frequent, light pruning is necessary.

Japanese Zelkova is typically propagated by seed or cuttings. Seeds require a period of cold stratification. Softwood or semi-hardwood cuttings can be taken in late spring or summer and treated with rooting hormone.

Ensure cuttings are kept moist and in a humid environment for successful rooting.

Young Japanese Zelkova trees benefit from repotting every 2-3 years, while mature trees can be repotted every 4-5 years. Repot in early spring before growth begins.

Prune the roots by about one-third to encourage new root growth and maintain a manageable size. Use well-draining potting mix.