Water moderately during the growing season, allowing the soil to dry out slightly between waterings.

Reduce watering significantly in cooler months, providing just enough to prevent the soil from becoming completely parched. Avoid overwatering, as this can lead to root rot.

Prune to maintain shape and remove any dead or damaged leaves. This can be done at any time of year, but is best undertaken in spring.

Use clean, sharp secateurs to make precise cuts and avoid damaging the surrounding foliage.

Propagate primarily through seeds sown in spring. Germination may be slow and erratic. Cuttings can also be taken in spring or summer, but success rates can be variable.

Ensure cuttings have a period of drying before planting.

Repot in spring when the plant has outgrown its current container. Choose a well-draining potting mix, such as a cactus or succulent blend. Handle the plant carefully as its spines can be sharp.