Water moderately during the growing season, allowing the soil to dry slightly between waterings. Reduce watering in winter dormancy. Ensure good drainage to prevent root rot, especially in container-grown plants.

Pruning is generally not required for established plants unless aiming to control size or remove dead/damaged foliage. For harvesting seeds or removing spent flower heads, cut back stems after flowering.

Wear gloves as plants are spiny.

Propagate by seed, sown in early spring or autumn. Seeds may benefit from stratification. Cuttings are also possible but less common. Ensure seeds are from a reliable source as they can be weedy.

Repot young plants as needed, typically when root-bound. Mature plants generally do not require frequent repotting and can be directly sown or transplanted. Use a well-draining potting mix.