Water regularly during the growing season, allowing the soil to dry slightly between waterings. Reduce watering in autumn and keep the soil barely moist during winter dormancy.

Avoid waterlogged conditions, which can lead to root rot. Ensure good drainage in pots.

Prune in late winter or early spring before new growth emerges. Remove dead, damaged, or crossing branches to maintain shape and improve air circulation. Can be pruned to encourage bushier growth or kept as a tree form.

Avoid heavy pruning during active growth.

Propagate primarily through hardwood cuttings taken in late autumn or winter. Select healthy, mature stems, cut them to about 15-20 cm, and plant them in well-draining soil or a sand/peat mix.

Rooting can take several months. Alternatively, seeds can be sown in autumn.

Repot young plants every 1-2 years in spring, and mature plants every 3-4 years, or when root-bound. Use a well-draining potting mix, such as a blend of loam, sand, and compost.

Ensure the new pot is only slightly larger than the current one. Trim roots if necessary.