Water moderately during the growing season, allowing the soil to dry slightly between waterings. Reduce watering significantly in winter. Ensure good drainage to prevent root rot, especially in container plants.

Overwatering is the most common cause of problems.

Prune to shape the plant or remove dead or crossing branches. Pruning is best done after flowering to encourage new growth and maintain a desired form.

Heavy pruning is generally not necessary unless rejuvenation is required.

Propagation is typically done by seeds sown in well-draining soil in spring or by semi-hardwood cuttings taken in summer. Seeds may require stratification. Cuttings should be placed in a warm, humid environment to root.

Repot young plants annually or every two years in spring. Mature plants can be repotted less frequently, every 3-4 years, or when root-bound. Use a well-draining potting mix, such as a cactus or succulent blend.