Water regularly, especially during dry periods, ensuring the soil remains consistently moist but not waterlogged. Reduce watering in winter. Adequate drainage is crucial to prevent root rot.

Check soil moisture by feeling the top few centimeters; water when dry.

Prune in late winter or early spring to maintain shape, remove dead or damaged branches, and encourage vigorous growth. Heavy pruning can be used to control size and promote a more shrub-like form.

It is quite tolerant of hard pruning.

Easily propagated from seeds sown in autumn or spring, or from cuttings taken in summer. Layering is also a successful method. Seeds may require stratification. Cuttings typically root readily in moist soil.

Young plants may require repotting every 1-2 years to provide fresh soil and more space for root development. Mature trees generally do not require repotting once established in the ground, as they have extensive root systems.