Keep the soil consistently moist, but not waterlogged. Water thoroughly when the top 2-3 cm of soil begins to dry out. Reduce watering slightly during winter months to prevent overhydration and potential root rot.

Ensure good drainage to avoid stagnant water.

Prune to remove any dead, damaged, or discolored fronds at any time of year. This helps maintain the plant's aesthetic appeal and encourages new growth.

Use clean, sharp shears or scissors for a neat cut close to the rhizome.

Thornleaf holly ferns are typically propagated by dividing the rhizomes. Carefully dig up the plant and separate mature, healthy sections of the rhizome, ensuring each division has roots and at least one frond.

Replant divisions immediately in moist soil.

Repot the fern every 2-3 years or when it becomes root-bound. Choose a pot that is one size larger than the current one. Use a well-draining potting mix, such as a blend of peat moss, compost, and perlite.

Repot in spring before new growth begins.