Water regularly, especially during dry periods, ensuring the soil remains consistently moist but not waterlogged. Allow the top few centimeters of soil to dry out between waterings once established.

Reduce watering in winter when the plant is dormant. Proper drainage is crucial to prevent root rot.

Prune in late winter or early spring while the tree is dormant to shape the structure and remove dead, diseased, or crossing branches. Summer pruning can be done to control size and improve air circulation.

Aim for an open, well-branched canopy.

Propagate by grafting onto rootstock, typically in late winter. Budding is also a common method. Seed propagation is possible but may not result in true-to-type offspring and can take many years to produce fruit.

Cuttings are generally difficult to root.

Repot young trees every 2-3 years, or when root-bound, typically in early spring before new growth begins. Gradually increase pot size to avoid shocking the root system. Use a well-draining potting mix.

Mature trees are best left in situ.