Water moderately during the growing season, allowing the soil to dry slightly between waterings. Reduce watering significantly in winter to prevent root rot.

Ensure good drainage to avoid waterlogged conditions, especially for container-grown plants. Avoid overwatering, as this is a common cause of problems.

Prune to maintain desired shape and size, and to remove any dead, damaged, or crossing branches. Light pruning can be done in spring before new growth begins. Heavy pruning is best done in late winter or early spring.

Remove suckers to encourage a more upright growth habit.

Propagation is typically done through seeds sown in spring or by cuttings taken from semi-hardwood in late summer or autumn. Seeds may require stratification.

Cuttings should be treated with rooting hormone and kept in a warm, humid environment until established. Patience is key for successful propagation.

Repot young plants annually in spring, and mature plants every 2-3 years or when root-bound. Use a well-draining potting mix. Choose a pot that is only slightly larger than the current one.

Repotting provides an opportunity to refresh the soil and check root health.