Water regularly, allowing the soil to dry out slightly between waterings. Avoid overwatering, which can lead to root rot. Reduce watering during cooler months when the plant's growth slows down.

Ensure good drainage to prevent waterlogged conditions.

Prune to maintain shape and size, or to remove dead or damaged branches. Use clean, sharp tools. Pruning can be done anytime, but is best performed in spring before new growth begins.

Avoid pruning heavily if the plant is stressed.

Propagation is typically done by seeds, which should be sown fresh. Scarify the seed coat or soak them in warm water to improve germination.

Alternatively, stem cuttings can be taken from mature plants, but rooting can be slow and difficult.

Repot young plants annually or every two years, and mature plants less frequently, in spring. Choose a pot with excellent drainage. Use a well-draining potting mix, such as a cactus or succulent mix.

Handle with care due to spines.