Water regularly, keeping the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Allow the top centimeter of soil to dry out between waterings, especially during warmer months.

Reduce watering frequency in winter when growth slows, but do not let the soil become completely dry.

Prune to maintain shape and remove dead or damaged stems. Pinch back young plants to encourage bushier growth. In late winter or early spring, prune established plants to remove any crossing branches or to reduce size.

Wear gloves as the plant is sticky and thorny.

Propagate from seeds sown in spring, ideally under glass or in a propagator. Germination can be erratic, so be patient.

Young plants can also be propagated from softwood cuttings taken in late spring or early summer and rooted in a moist medium.

Repot young plants annually in spring into slightly larger containers to accommodate root growth. Mature plants may only need repotting every 2-3 years, or when root-bound.

Use a well-draining potting mix and ensure the new pot has adequate drainage holes.