Allow the soil to dry out completely between waterings. Overwatering is a common cause of root rot. In winter, reduce watering significantly, providing only enough to prevent the stems from shriveling.

Ensure the pot has excellent drainage to prevent waterlogging.

Prune to maintain shape or remove damaged or overgrown stems. Use a sharp, clean knife or shears. The sap is caustic, so wear gloves and eye protection. Pruning is best done in spring or early summer.

Allow cuts to callous over before watering.

Easily propagated from stem cuttings. Cut a healthy stem, allow the sap to dry and callous for a few days, then plant in well-draining soil. Keep slightly moist until roots form.

Can also be grown from seed, but cuttings are faster and more reliable.

Repot only when the plant becomes root-bound, typically every 2-3 years. Use a gritty, fast-draining potting mix, such as a cactus or succulent blend. Repot in spring or early summer.

Handle with care to avoid injury from the sharp spines and caustic sap.