Water regularly, especially during dry periods, to maintain consistently moist soil. Allow the top 2-3 cm of soil to dry out between waterings for established plants.

Reduce watering in winter dormancy, but do not let the soil become completely dry. Ensure good drainage to prevent waterlogging.

Prune in late winter or early spring before new growth begins for structural shaping. Pinch back new shoots in summer to encourage denser branching and maintain desired form.

Remove any dead, damaged, or crossing branches at any time. Timing is crucial for directing energy and refining the tree's silhouette.

Propagate from seed sown in autumn, requiring a period of cold stratification. Softwood cuttings can be taken in early summer and rooted under mist. Hardwood cuttings are less successful. Layering is also an option.

Patience is key for successful propagation.

Repot young trees every 1-2 years in early spring before new growth starts. Mature trees can be repotted every 3-5 years. Use a well-draining potting mix.

Trim back about one-third of the root ball to encourage new root growth and prevent the plant from becoming pot-bound.