Water regularly, especially during dry periods, to keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Allow the top few centimeters of soil to dry out between waterings.

Reduce watering in winter when growth slows down. Ensure good drainage to prevent root rot.

Prune to remove dead, damaged, or crossing branches. Light pruning can be done to shape the tree, but avoid heavy pruning as it can stress the tree. Prune in late winter or early spring before new growth begins.

Remove any epicormic shoots that may form.

Propagation is typically done by seed, which requires stratification. Cuttings can be taken from semi-hardwood in summer or hardwood in late autumn.

Rooting can be slow and may require a rooting hormone and a humid environment.

Repot young trees every 2-3 years in early spring, or when rootbound. Use a well-draining potting mix, such as a blend of peat moss, compost, and sand. Ensure the new pot is only slightly larger than the previous one.

Water thoroughly after repotting.