Water deeply when the soil is dry to the touch, allowing excess to drain. Avoid overwatering, as this plant is drought-tolerant and susceptible to root rot.

Reduce watering significantly during cooler, dormant periods to prevent waterlogged conditions.

Prune to maintain shape and remove dead or damaged foliage. Deadheading spent flowers can encourage further blooming. Wear gloves as the plant is spiny.

Pruning is best done in late winter or early spring before new growth begins.

Propagate by seed, sown outdoors in early spring or autumn. Seeds may require scarification or stratification to improve germination rates. Alternatively, stem cuttings can be taken in late spring or early summer.

Repot only when root-bound, typically every 2-3 years. Use a well-draining potting mix, such as a cactus or succulent blend. Handle with care due to spines. Repot in spring, just as new growth appears.