Water thoroughly when the top 2-3 cm of soil feels dry to the touch. Avoid waterlogging the roots. Reduce watering in winter, allowing the soil to dry out slightly more between waterings to prevent root rot.

Ensure good drainage in the pot.

Prune to maintain shape and remove any dead, damaged, or yellowing fronds. Trim back leggy growth to encourage a bushier habit.

Light pruning can be done at any time of year, but major pruning is best done in early spring before new growth appears.

Propagate by dividing established clumps during repotting in spring. Carefully separate the rhizomes, ensuring each division has roots and at least a few fronds.

Alternatively, spores can be used, though this is a slower and less reliable method for home growers.

Repot every 2-3 years or when the plant becomes root-bound. Use a well-draining potting mix, such as a peat-based mix with added perlite or sand.

Choose a pot that is only slightly larger than the current one to avoid excessive moisture retention.