Allow the soil to dry out completely between waterings. Overwatering is a common cause of root rot. Reduce watering significantly in winter, providing only enough to prevent severe dehydration.

In summer, water thoroughly when the top few centimeters of soil are dry.

Pruning is primarily for shaping, removing dead or damaged segments, or controlling size. Use a sharp, sterilized knife or pruning shears. Allow cuts to callus over before replanting or discarding to prevent disease.

Prune sparingly to maintain the plant's natural form.

Propagation is typically done by stem cuttings. Allow cut segments to dry and form a callus for several days to a week before planting in well-draining cactus mix.

Water sparingly until roots have formed, usually after several weeks.

Repot every 2-3 years, or when the plant outgrows its container, preferably in spring. Use a well-draining cactus or succulent potting mix.

Choose a pot only slightly larger than the current one, and handle with care to avoid spines.