Water regularly during the growing season, especially when young or in containers, ensuring the soil remains consistently moist but not waterlogged. Reduce watering in fall and winter, allowing the top few centimeters of soil to dry out between waterings to prevent root rot.

Prune in late winter or early spring while the tree is dormant to shape the plant and remove dead, damaged, or crossing branches. Minor pruning can also be done in summer to maintain shape and control size.

Avoid heavy pruning of established trees.

Propagate from seed, which requires a period of cold stratification. Softwood or semi-hardwood cuttings can also be taken in summer, though rooting can be slow. Grafting is another method, typically performed in winter.

Repot young trees every 2-3 years in spring before growth starts, or when root-bound. For mature trees, repotting is less frequent and should be done with care to minimize root disturbance.

Use a well-draining potting mix.