Water regularly, especially during establishment and dry periods. Allow the soil to dry out slightly between waterings. Reduce watering in winter. Ensure good drainage to prevent waterlogging, which can lead to root rot.

Overwatering is more detrimental than occasional dryness for established plants.

Prune lightly to shape the plant or remove dead, damaged, or crossing branches. This is best done in late spring or early summer after the main flush of growth. Avoid heavy pruning, as it can be slow to recover.

Shaping is more for aesthetic purposes than health.

Propagate from seed, sown in spring. Germination can be slow and erratic. Cuttings can also be taken from semi-hardwood in late summer or autumn.

Ensure cuttings are treated with rooting hormone and placed in a well-draining medium in a humid environment.

Repot young plants every 2-3 years, or when root-bound, in spring. Use a well-draining potting mix, such as a blend of compost and grit.

Mature trees are best left undisturbed and are not typically grown in containers long-term. Ensure the new pot has adequate drainage holes.