Water regularly during establishment and dry spells, especially young trees. Aim for consistently moist, but not waterlogged, soil.

Reduce watering frequency once established, allowing the top few centimeters of soil to dry out between waterings. Proper drainage is crucial to prevent root rot.

Prune to maintain a desired shape and remove dead, damaged, or crossing branches. Light pruning can be done in late winter or early spring before bud break.

Heavy pruning is best avoided, as it can reduce flowering and fruit production. Focus on improving air circulation and structure.

Propagation is typically done by grafting onto a suitable rootstock, such as Sorbus aucuparia, to ensure good vigor and disease resistance. Semi-hardwood cuttings taken in summer can also be rooted under controlled conditions with bottom heat and high humidity.

Repotting is rarely necessary for established garden specimens. Container-grown young trees may benefit from repotting every 2-3 years in early spring to refresh the soil and provide more space for root growth.

Use a well-draining potting mix.