Water regularly during the growing season, ensuring the soil remains consistently moist but not waterlogged. Reduce watering in autumn and winter.

Deep watering is beneficial, especially during dry spells, to encourage a strong root system. Avoid overhead watering to minimize fungal diseases.

Prune in late winter or early spring before new growth appears. Remove dead, damaged, or crossing branches. Prune to maintain a desired shape and to improve air circulation within the canopy.

Aim for a strong central leader and well-spaced scaffold branches.

Propagation is typically done by grafting onto rootstock, usually in late winter. Take scions from healthy parent plants and graft them onto suitable rootstock.

Alternatively, seeds can be sown in autumn, but germination can be slow and variable. Cuttings are generally difficult to root.

Young trees may benefit from repotting every 2-3 years in early spring to refresh the soil and provide more space. Mature trees generally do not require frequent repotting and are best left in their established location.

Ensure good drainage in the pot.